Common materials in vacuum systems

Housing, pipelines, valves, internal parts

Ordinary carbon steel, stainless steel

Stainless steel, titanium, high-purity aluminum

Sealing washer

Butyl rubber, fluoroplastics

Fluorine rubber, fluoroplastics, copper, gold, silver, indium

Conductor

Copper, stainless steel, aluminum

Copper, stainless steel

Insulator

Phenolic, fluoroplastics, glass, ceramics

Glass, dense high alumina porcelain, etc.

Windows

glass

Borosilicate glass, transparent quartz glass

Lubricant

Oils and greases with low vapor pressure

Molybdenum disulfide, silver or gold plated

Heating element

Nickel-chromium-iron alloy, tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, carbon cloth

Tungsten, chromium, tungsten rhenium alloy, graphite carbon fiber